There is no person who has never heard the word "hemorrhoids".It is used by everyone who is not lazy, even those who have nothing to do with medicine.
The term "hemorrhoids" itself comes from two Greek words -"Heme"("Blood") and"Rhoos"("Bleeding").
The concept is ambiguous because not every bleeding is a result of hemorrhoids and does not always cause blood.In this case, the concept of "hemorrhoid nodes" is suitable for the wider concept of "hemorrhoids" swelling, flatulence that occurs during a garbage.
Description of the problem
Hemorrhoids are special anal formations that are located under the rectum.In structure, they are a plexus venous vessels.They are located inside and outside the mucous membrane.From the location of these formations, hemorrhoids of the inner and outer nature are divided.
These plexus themselves carry out a protective function: protect the rectum from incontinence of liquid feces and gases and completely close the anal canal.According to statistics, 20 % of adults suffer from this disease.And it is precisely this disease that is the cause of the campaign for the specialist.
What contributes to the occurrence and development of the disease
Hemorrhoids are only normal with a parking pair.With severe or longer physical exertion, these ligaments can be torn.In the event of a violation of the integrity of the ligaments, hemorrhoids are overcrowded with blood.The result is their loss and bleeding.
Vienna, which delivers a normal blood drain from the mucous membrane, is pressed.Blood begins to stagnate.
Factors that cause the development of hemorrhoids
The pathology itself does not just arise, itself. It has occurred and the development is influenced by several factors:
- The hereditary factor (in hemorrhoid nodes and in the veins there are no flaps that deliver blood drainage).
- Increased pressure in the veins.
- Cars in the work of the intestine (constipation, diarrhea), a frequent visit to the toilet.
- Pregnancy, childbirth, improvement in the clinic of the disease.
- A sitting lifestyle that stands for a long period of time.
- Some sports and professions.
- Features of nutrition (alcohol, sharp food).However, this contributes more to worsening and not to develop.
Pay attention!Even in the presence of bleeding from the anal canal, one cannot talk about the manifestation of hemorrhoids.In order to confirm the diagnosis, analyzes and examinations of the rectum are required:
- Coloscopy.
- Anoscopy.
- Sectoroscopy.
Bleeding and knots can occur with inflammation of the intestine and malignant formations.
Hemorrhoids: symptoms and classification
The position of the nodes:
- Outer.
- Inner.
- Mixed.
First view- The expansion of the venous vessels under the rectum gear line.This species is characterized by edematous manifestations, the presence of symptoms in the rectum.In this type of pathology, severe pain is characterized.
The second view- The expansion of the hemorrhoids themselves under the line.Hemorrhoids are divided into 1, 2, 3 and 4 degrees (the severity of the disease depends on the severity of the nodes).There are also acute and chronic hemorrhoids that arise from an illness.
Chronic hemorrhoids
Clinical picture:
- Blood is released from the anus at regular intervals.
- The loss of plexus in the mucous membrane.
- Itching and burning in anus.
- Discharge from the rectum.
Symptoms of chronic hemorrhoids
Intestinal bleeding
This is the most common symptom of this disease in 10 % of patients.According to statistics, the most common occurrence is when the intestine is empty.Manifestations can be intense and not very much and are naturally episodic.The color of the discharge is scarlet red, in the form of "spray" (with a strangle) or - at the end of the emptying (in the form of drops).If blood remained in the anus after the prior emptying, the next one will appear next with a dark or cluster.
70-80 % of the clinical manifestations of hemorrhoids.With constipation and diarrhea, the absorption of alcohol, spicy foods and strong physical exertion also occurs, including bleeding.The consequence of this is the occurrence of anemia.
The manifestation of anal bleeding is not always a sign of this disease.It can occur with other diseases of the intestine.If it happens in humans over 40 to 45 years, you will definitely have to consult a doctor.In addition, a visit to the doctor is required for people with an assessment for oncology.
For which diseases bleeding can occur:
- Diverticullase of the large intestine.
- Crohn's disease.
- The malignant neoplasm of the rectum.
- Polyp of the intestine.
If you notice the discharge from the anus, turn to a proctologist and carry out the necessary exams of the direct and large intestine.
Lead venous plexus
This symptom occurs in the phase of a long course of the disease.First, it occurs with the devastation of the intestine.In addition, the symptom occurs with a strand.If the pathology is acute, it falls out without effort.Distribution independently of one another to 2 levels.They are set manually in 3 levels due to a decrease in the sound of the anal muscles.They fail completely with 4 levels.
Anal pain
Bleeding is not the only reason that comes to a specialist.And these are not necessarily hemorrhoids.Pain syndrome in anus can occur in an acute stage of the disease.Reasons:
- Constipation.
- Frequent visit to the toilet.
- Anal tear.
- Plrombosis of the knots.
If the treatment is carried out incorrectly, the anal tear will be reached to the chronic stage.
Ingredient
The type of unloading of this disease is watery or slimy.Arise as a result of the episodic loss of nodes.When bleeding, pay attention to the mucus secretion.Most of the time they are when the knots or mucous membrane falls out.Other reasons are neoplasms (villous polyps, tumor).
Itching in the anus
These symptoms such as itching in the anus and anal symptoms occur with a dysfunction of the large intestine.As a rule, they occur in the late stage of the disease.
classification
1 phase- Venous plexus does not fail.The scarlet color of the freed blood.
2 phase- The drained nodes are adapted themselves (with or without blood release).
3 phase- The knots fall out episodically and get better manually.
4 phase- The newspaper and the mucous membranes of the rectum begin to fall out constantly.Manual reduction becomes impossible.
Acute hemorrhoids
It usually occurs in the chronic phase with an aggravation.The most common manifestations:
- External nodes with the appearance of thrombosis.
- Leadership of internal thrombed plexus.
When thrombosis occurs, the knots are compressed and increased.A strong pain syndrome occurs in the anal opening area.
Treatment of acute hemorrhoids
In the stadium of thrombosis, a thromboectomy is possible (excision of a thrombus node and removal of a thrombus).The operation is carried out under local anesthesia.Duration - a few minutes.After the operation, the pain begins to sink immediately.
When internal hemorrhoid nodes fail, swollen phenomena and inflammation occur.The surgical intervention is contraindicated due to possible complications.Therapy:
- The use of ointments and candles.
- Pills.
If you notice manifestations in good time, the duration of the acute level will be reduced to a week.If the pathology is not treated for a long time, purulent inflammation can occur.
3 phases of the disease in the acute course
- The appearance of blood clots in internal and outer venous plexus.There is no inflammation.
- The presence of blood clots in knots with inflammation.
- Against the background of the above signs, inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue occurs.Complications occur - bleeding, purulent inflammation.
How to treat hemorrhoids in the chronic stage
Hemorrhoids are a heavy, unpleasant but reference disease.There are enough treatment methods for elimination.The treatment system is constantly improved.Every method has no doubt, advantages and disadvantages.And they are used depending on the phase.The following factors influence the use of a certain methodology:
- The course of the disease.
- The type of discharge.
- Age of the patient.
- The frequency of bleeding.
The difficulty lies in the fact that many methods are based on the same signs of treatment, and the selection of the optimal is not easy.In this case you have to combine the necessary methods.After classification, 3 types of treatment are differentiated:
- Conservative.
- Small invasive.
- Operative.
Hemorrhoids of the first degree
The loss of nodes with the release of blood or not:
- Mandatory normalization of nutrition (with a high percentage of fiber).
- Taking medication that reduces inflammation and expansion of venous vessels.
- Rectal candles, ointments for external use for tightening.
Hemorrhoids of II degree
Self -reduction of the affected nodes:
- Fixing the hemorrhoid node with a latex ring.
- Introduction of a sclerosant.
- The league of arteries brings blood to inflamed nodes.
- Electrical clearing.
- Distance from external and internal nodes.
Hemorrhoids of III degree
Manual reduction:
- The use of latex rings.
- Sclerotherapy.
- Landing of the arteries.
- Electrical clearing.
- Exzision.
Hemorrhoids of the IV degree
The impossible reduction of the nodes: Removing inflamed nodes with a special device.
The stadiums of the development of hemorrhoids
Not every method is suitable for the treatment of hemorrhoids in one case or another.The final solution influences how exactly external and internal plexus correlate.If the pathology prevailing nodes - inside, you can do without surgery.The methods are described above.
Before the final diagnosis, the patient needs a complete examination.The very first thing to do is to examine the rectum and colon.First, this applies to patients over 45 years with an inherited disposition for oncology, since hemorrhoids can lead to simultaneous diseases:
- The malignant tumor of the rectum.
- Polyp.
The symptoms (or rather, the degree of its severity), the size of the nodes and the episodality also influence the choice of a certain treatment method.
With a weak severity of the symptoms, a rare loss, it is better to choose conservative therapy.The very first and important thing it is aiming is to correct nutrition, to remove constipation and pressure during the emptying of the intestine.Diet should contain a sufficient amount of water, since constipation often occurs with a lack of liquid, which is why the intestine is forced to suck it out of feces.
To make this condition easier, the following is important:
- The prevailing component in nutrition is fiber.
- Periodic absorption of laxatives.
- The appointment of phlebetropen as the patient.
Conservative therapy is mainly used during acute exacerbation of the disease.Another treatment is contraindicated.If the disease is in the 1st and 2nd phase, other methods are also contraindicated.What is included in conservative treatment:
- Special diet.
- Beat drugs.
- Rectal candles, ointments.
- Phlebetrop medication.
Each patient is prescribed by the diet.The main goal is to normalize a chair.Often one of the most important provocative factors is precisely constipation or diarrhea.The diet for this disease categorically prohibits:
- Sharp.
- Salt.
- Fry.
- Alcohol.
Diary implies additional examinations.It is the result of studies that influence the correction of nutrition and treatment.If the patient is susceptible to constipation, a special diet is recommended to him.The list of products and other nuances can be displayed in a special section.It is recommended for a laxative effect:
- Dried apricot.
- Plum.
- Dried apricot.
- Cowardly.
If the diet does not remove the stagnating effect in the intestine, the use of laxatives begins.Now it will not be difficult to find you: just go to a pharmacy and ask.Don't take it yourself. The dosage and brand of the drug depend on the following factors:
- Individual properties of the body.
- Accompanying diseases.
- Age.
- Decisions of the doctor.
Until the final treatment has been prescribed, the doctor prescribes the patient 1 tablespoon.l.Vaseline oil (2-3 times a day).
Basically in the treatment of pathology
But it should be remembered that no ointments and other medication will completely save them from the problem.They only temporarily eliminate the symptoms and no longer.Conservative therapy will be ineffective if venous plexus falls regularly: only radical treatment methods help here.
Certain factors are taken into account when prescribing dosage forms of the drug.For example, rectal candles are not suitable for patients with a pronounced pain syndrome.In this case, the ointment is preferable.In some cases, combinations are acceptable.
It is not necessary to list the entire list of drugs from this pathology because it is very large.The defining factor is the individual properties of the body and the patient's personal complaints.
What influences the selection of ointments or candles:
- Acute hemorrhoids with thrombosis.
- Inflammation.
At the same time, anesthetics, anti -inflammatory medication that alleviate edema are prescribed.It is necessary to use such medication for a certain time because they contain hormones and anti -inflammatory non -steroids.
The use of phlebetropic is a prerequisite for drug therapy.
Small invasive treatment
Sclerotherapy
This is a method in which a special solution is inserted into the area of hemorrhoid nodes - sclerosant.When administered correctly, manipulation does not cause pain.Local anesthesia is not used.The duration is not more than 10 minutes.Hospital stay is not required.After the procedure, you can continue to lead the same way of life.Unpleasant sensations are possible within two days in the anus.This method is used in a chronic phase in a pathology (blood is released, plexus are not emphasized).This method is rarely used because manipulation is quite complicated and the correct administration of the drug is possible.As a rule, the rest period after manipulation is about 3-7 years.
Infrared coagulation
The method that has an inflamed area after radiation.The hemorrhoid tissue gradually dies.After manipulation, you can guide the previous lifestyle.Painful sensations are possible for two days.The AI method is used in 1 and 2 phases of the pathology, with the size of the locations small.The quiet time is 3-7 years without serious complications.
Fixing with latex rings
This procedure is most common under all other methods.Your plus:
- Low costs.
- A wide range of indications.
- Lack of complications.
The conclusion is that the latex ring is applied to the area of the location.This happens with a league.Due to the pressure of the ring, it begins to die and rejected.The manipulation of almost in conducting (3-5 minutes), simple, practically painless.After the league, you can guide the previous lifestyle.Painful sensations are possible for two days.The ligation method is shown in the 1-3 phase of the pathology.There are almost no complications.Sometimes there is a blood discharge when the ring goes.Minus the procedure - only 1 location is removed for 1 session.The following manipulation is only possible after a few weeks.
Landing of the arteries
With the method of proximal league, you can find the localization of all arteries that provide inflamed areas and connect them.This method uses local anesthesia.Perform the procedure with an anoscop with a knot.As a result of the dressing of arteries, inflamed areas disappear.The duration of the procedure is about half an hour.Pain sensations are almost not observed.Pain is possible within two days and a temperature increase.You can lead the same lifestyle.This method is used in all phases of pathology.
Professionals:
- Lack of wiping handkerchiefs.
- Reduction of the rehabilitation phase.
- Processing once.
- A long period of calm (5-10 years).
Disadvantages:
- The procedure is longer compared to others.
- Pain.
- High costs.
Surgical intervention
The operation of the Milligan Morganist
This method of surgical intervention includes the excision of external and internal swelling with its subsequent dressing.Apply for all phases of the disease.Nuances:
- General anesthesia.
- The need for 3-5 daily inpatient hospital stays.
- Reduced performance within 10 to 15 days.
- A long recovery phase - approx. 1 month.
- The duration of the manipulation is about half an hour.
The advantages are that this is the only and radical therapy method.The rest period is up to 12 years, repeated relapses are only possible in 15 to 30 % of the cases.Consuming pain sensations for 2-4 days.We need analgesics.The recovery phase is long and the occurrence of scars and a decrease in the sound of the anal sphincter.
Professor Longo
This method includes cutting off the mucous membrane of the rectum.It is carried out with a special booklet.The places lose the possibility of an outstanding and blood flow.Shown in all phases through pathology.Nuances:
- General anesthesia.
- Hospital stay in the hospital for 2-4 days.
- The recovery phase is 3-5 days.
The advantages of the procedure are similar to the hemorrhoidctomy, the low severity of pain;Restoration is quick, there are no complications.Minus high costs (due to the use of a booklet).
Diploma
The methods described in the article are not the only ones with which hemorrhoids are treated.Cryotherapy is also used.However, this method is not so widespread, since there is an incontinence of the discharge from the anus, the exposure will not be controlled.
The patient himself has the right to decide whether he sees a doctor or not.Of course, it is worth paying attention to the frequency of bleeding and pain because the frequent release of blood causes anemia.Otherwise, hemorrhoids are not very life -threatening.But it is worth warning that the earlier you consult a doctor, the better.Therefore, avoid a more radical treatment method and improve life.
Remember that only one proctologist can help solve this problem.If you notice the following signs:
- Periodic anal bleeding.
- Itching and burning in anus.
- Feeling of complaints and pain - contact a proctologist immediately!Under no circumstances do you not mediate yourself!